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  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    LW-I-2: Yield fluctuations

    The picture shows the soil of a cereal field, with large cracks caused by drought.

    … phases might be vulnerable to weather patterns. In the hot and dry year of 2003, the wheat yield amounted to 65.5 dt / ha which was 14.6 % below the mean yield … the yields. In respect of maize, the hot and dry weather pattern in July and August 2003 triggered premature ripening in many locations which enforced early harvesting. … for 2018, amounting to 67.7 dt / ha – that is higher than the total of yields for 2003. However, compared to the extraordinary wheat yields of the years of 2013 to …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    GE-I-6: Contamination of bathing waters by cyanobacteria burdens

    The picture shows the palm of a hand stroking the surface of a water body.

    … data can be validated by individual surveys carried out in situ. For the years from 2003 to 2011 and from 2016 onwards, suitable satellites were available. In the years … associated with stable stratification. For example, in the hot summer of 2003, the summer stratification was distinctly less stable than in 2006 – a year in … data can be validated by individual surveys carried out in situ. For the years from 2003 to 2011 and from 2016 onwards, suitable satellites were available. In the years …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    FW-I-3 + 4: Forest condition and dieback rate

    … spruce and pine trees, crown defoliation was higher than after the extreme year of 2003. As far as deciduous trees are concerned, the values fluctuated strongly from … forest condition in respect of beech, spruce and pine trees was worse than after 2003, the ‘summer of the century’. As far as oak trees are concerned, there has been … spruce and pine trees, crown defoliation was higher than after the extreme year of 2003. As far as deciduous trees are concerned, the values fluctuated strongly from …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    GE-I-9: Ozone burden

    The picture shows the exhaust pipe of a motor car emitting exhaust gases.

    … thus largely leading to ozone concentrations stagnating during the peak season. In 2003 and 2018, extreme weather conditions led to high ozone burdens. GE-I-9: Ozone … specific weather patterns occurring in summer. For example, the ‘ozone summer’ of 2003, during a particularly long period of sunny summer weather with above-average … thus largely leading to ozone concentrations stagnating during the peak season. In 2003 and 2018, extreme weather conditions led to high ozone burdens. … According to …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    FW-I-6 + 7: Endangered spruce stands and spruce bark beetle

    … show that beetle infestations caused as a result of the heat and drought year 2003 increased rapidly in nearly all the Federal Länder examined. The after-effects … of damaged timber again reached roughly the level experienced in the hot summer of 2003. After the warm summer of 2015, the volume of damaged timber first increased … show that beetle infestations caused as a result of the heat and drought year 2003 increased rapidly in nearly all the Federal Länder examined. The after-effects …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    FW-I-8: Forest fire hazards and forest fires

    The picture shows an extensive forest fire. Greyish-white smoke is rising from the seat of the fire. A burnt forest area is visible in the background.

    … gradually. However, when there are years with abrupt changes – as for instance in 2003 and latterly in the years of 2018 and 2019 – which witnessed frequent and some … during the examined time period up until 2017. However, in the dry years of 2003, 2006, 2015 and 2016 it is possible to see that there were higher risks of … gradually. However, when there are years with abrupt changes – as for instance in 2003 and latterly in the years of 2018 and 2019 – which witnessed frequent and some …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    KM-I-1: Water temperature in the sea

    The picture shows a view of the surface of the sea from below. The sun’s rays are beaming through the water’s surface. The sea is coloured dark blue to turquoise-green.

    … temperatures were recorded on Germany’s coasts in the exceptionally hot summer of 2003. In August of that year, the mean surface temperature measured across the … resulting from extreme warming in the summer months – amounted to 11.0 °C (2003, 2006, 2016, 2020) and above (11.4 °C, 2014), and latterly 11.2 °C (in 2022). … temperatures were recorded on Germany’s coasts in the exceptionally hot summer of 2003. In August of that year, the mean surface temperature measured across the …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    FW-I-2: Incremental growth in timber

    The picture shows a stack of timber.

    … of the 20th century. It is assumed that, especially during the hot and dry years of 2003 and 2006, productivity losses will have occurred. However, it must be said that … of the 20th century. It is assumed that, especially during the hot and dry years of 2003 and 2006, productivity losses will have occurred. However, it must be said that …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    GE-R-1 + 2: Heat warning service and Public awareness of health problems

    … The high number of heat-related mortalities and hospital stays in the hot summer of 2003 (cf. Indicator GE-I-2 ) demonstrated that we have to prepare for such … The high number of heat-related mortalities and hospital stays in the hot summer of 2003 (cf. Indicator GE-I-2 ) demonstrated that we have to prepare for such …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-8: Water temperature in lakes

    The picture shows a mountain lake in glaring sunlight. A mountain chain is visible in the background.

    … of observation. Years with above-average high air temperatures such as the years of 2003, 2018 and 2019 stand out quite conspicuously in all regions. It is important to … of observation. Years with above-average high air temperatures such as the years of 2003, 2018 and 2019 stand out quite conspicuously in all regions. It is important to …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    BAU-I-1 + 2: Heat stress in urban areas and summer heat island effect

    … compared to the nationwide mean. In years with above-average hot summers, such as 2003, 2015 and 2018, the differences are particularly distinct. In 2018 the hitherto … compared to the nationwide mean. In years with above-average hot summers, such as 2003, 2015 and 2018, the differences are particularly distinct. In 2018 the hitherto …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    KM-I-5: Change of flow direction

    The picture shows a river running through a flat landscape consisting of meadows and agricultural areas. The sea is visible in the background.

    … up the coastal watercourses. In northern parts of Germany, the summers of 1992, 2003, 2018 and 2019 were characterised by extraordinary heat and low precipitation … up the coastal watercourses. In northern parts of Germany, the summers of 1992, 2003, 2018 and 2019 were characterised by extraordinary heat and low precipitation …