… 6,000 years ago, ships took up conquering the oceans and humans have been making use of maritime transport for centuries. In the beginning, mainly sailing ships … measures, develops control strategies and techniques and procures the necessary resources such as ships and equipment for combating oil spills and pollution … Agreement , the Contracting Parties Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom (1969) as well as the European Union …

… Use and Impact Port view of Bremerhaven with container crane and container ship. … mining , which aims to extract raw materials from the ocean floor. While these resources have significant economic potential, their extraction threatens … Intensive ocean use leaves its mark. One major issue is pollution caused by land-based sources. Large quantities of nutrients, pollutants and plastics enter the …

… and their habitats, especially near the coast, are significantly affected by human use . Many pollutants and too many nutrients from municipalities, industry and … whales, dolphins and fish in particular. In the past, our local seas were also used as a dumping site for old munitions , the toxic explosives and chemical warfare … ecosystem-based approach must be the basis of our actions, and the various uses must be assessed and regulated cumulatively, i.e. holistically. Protecting the …

… parameters. The oldest assessment is the saprobic system „Saprobiensystem“. It uses the population of macrozoobenthos (invertebrates dwelling on the riverbed) to … After 1980 classifications for chemical and morphological parameters were used too. Now the status of waters is integratively assessed using a range of …

… additionally recommends the installation of particle filters in diesel locomotives. User Charges on Global Environmental Goods The world oceans and airspace are typical examples of global environmental goods, also known as open-access resources. They can be used by everyone, virtually without limitations and free of …