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  • Article from 08.10.2020 | Last changed: 10.10.2025

    Application domains and emission reduction

    … proposed classifications for substitute substances, based on their global warming potential, and discusses both these proposed solutions and other proposals that have … hydrocarbon refrigerants have various advantages including a low global warming potential (GWP). Furthermore, hydrocarbon systems often reveal improved energy … reference scenario (RS) and the hydrocarbon scenario (KWS). The emission reduction potential of direct emissions is generally higher compared to indirect emissions, …

  • Article from 27.06.2025 | Last changed: 10.10.2025

    German emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases

    … natural, halogen-free alternatives and F-gases with lower global warming potentials (GWP values). F-gas emissions in Germany Source: Umweltbundesamt … Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 2013 Emissions and Reduction Potentials of Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons and Sulphur Hexafluoride in …

  • Article from 20.07.2023 | Last changed: 10.10.2025

    Persistent fluorinated greenhouse gases

    The atmospheric concentration increases. It was 10 ppt in 2020.

    … gases are characterized by a long atmospheric residence time and a global warming potential well above 5000 CO 2 equivalents. They are not degraded in manageable … gases are characterized by a long atmospheric residence time and a global warming potential well above 5000 CO 2 equivalents. They are not degraded in manageable …

  • Article from 20.07.2023 | Last changed: 10.10.2025

    Emissions and degradation products

    Look from outer space: the Indian Ocean

    … gas in switchgears. Some of these substances have an extremely high Global Warming Potential. last update on 20.07.2023 Climate protection programmes The EU has … submissions Tags propellant F-gases perfluorinated hydrocarbons global warming potential refrigerant Framework Convention on Climate Change … Fluorinated …

  • Article from 04.04.2024 | Last changed: 04.04.2024

    Fluorinated greenhouse gases and fully halogenated CFCs

    blue sky and white clouds

    … Some fluorinated greenhouse gases, halons and CFCs have very high global warming potential. Source: CC Vision Substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which … covers fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) owing to their high global warming potential (GWP). The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a measure of the climate …

  • Article from 24.07.2019 | Last changed: 04.11.2021

    Safe management of drinking water supplies

    Scheme of the Water Safety Plan concept: What can go wrong in our water supply? What risks does this cause for our supply? How can we control them? How do we know that they are under control?

    … Also, good understanding of these processes facilitates early identification of potentially present weaknesses. last update on 24.07.2019 The water safety plan … water supplies, as well as in buildings in Germany, which prerequisites and potentially support is required, and which benefits it conveys. Thus, UBA is …

  • Article from 29.12.2022 | Last changed: 02.01.2023

    Identifying and managing flood risks

    Comprehensive and river basin-wide management is needed to deal with floods.

    … the river basin, regardless of administrative boundaries. Flood risk and damage potential Since the Elbe flood in 2002, the term flood risk has become established … occurrences (annuality) and the possible damage associated with this event (damage potential). Floods are divided into "frequently occurring events" (occurring every … a flood). Risk maps include, for example, information on the number of inhabitants potentially affected, the type of economic activity in the potentially affected …

  • Article from 23.04.2025 | Last changed: 23.06.2025

    Research and development projects on nanomaterials

    Nano structures

    … literature research on existing nanocarriers or those under development and their (potential) applications will be carried out. From the overview thus obtained, three … in the laboratory in order to investigate their environmental behaviour and the potential release of the transported active ingredient under environmentally … of these materials are poorly understood. In addition, there is concern that potential ecotoxic effects of the materials are not adequately elucidated via …

  • Article from 28.11.2019 | Last changed: 13.02.2020

    Nanotechnology

    Nano structures

    … for humans and the environment. Even today some questions remain concerning the potential environmental benefits and the possible risks posed by nanomaterials. The … for action. On the one hand UBA supports the use of nanotechnology with ecological potential and it funds innovations suited to that purpose; on the other hand, it … for humans and the environment. Even today some questions remain concerning the potential environmental benefits and the possible risks posed by nanomaterials. The …

  • Article from 11.09.2017 | Last changed: 31.08.2023

    Publications

    … cryptic invader Theodoxus fluviatilis (Gastropoda: Neritidae) in the River Rhine: a potential indicator for metal pollution? Ecotoxicology 31 (2022), 24-32, … N., Kiel, E., Hensel. S., Berghahn, R. (2008): Methoden zur Abschätzung des Anflugpotentials auf Hallen-Mesokosmen aus nahe gelegenen Kleingewässern. …

  • Article from 15.03.2016 | Last changed: 15.03.2016

    Dioxins

    Dioxin

    … that accumulate in the bodies of humans, animals and plants and that have the potential to be transported across long distances. As a measure to counteract the … that accumulate in the bodies of humans, animals and plants and that have the potential to be transported across long distances. As a measure to counteract the …

  • Article from 20.01.2012 | Last changed: 22.02.2023

    Technology

    Graph of the individual components of artificial stream and pond system: measuring stage, ponds, platform ponds, channels, work platform Groove, screw pump, control room, online instruments

    … dry weight light conditions in the water column and at the water surface redox potential Online measurement of the gutters Source: UBA Online measurement of the … dry weight light conditions in the water column and at the water surface redox potential … Up to 8 indoor and 8 outdoor stream mesocosms can be constructed by …