… important instrument to highlight the benefits of climate protection. This research report presents and compares the damage cost and the mitigation cost approaches. … questions either the one or the other gives the conceptionally correct answer. The report shows the basic procedures, crucial modelling approaches and insight into …

… Climate | Energy Circular carbon pathways and GHG accounting Interim report: Future carbon flows and their monitoring The report examines possible paths to a circular carbon economy and the challenges of …

… Agriculture Nanocarrier - Part I: Overview and categorization of nanocarriers This report summarizes the current state of knowledge on nanocarriers based on a … enable transport, protection and (targeted) release of active ingredients. The report presents a characterisation of the field of nanocarriers by identifying, …

… Energy Lessons Learned from the Kyoto Mechanisms for the Article 6.4 Mechanism The report summarizes key lessons learned from the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development … Implementation (JI) for the new Article 6.4 mechanism of the Paris Agreement. The report first provides an overview of the issuance and use of carbon credits under …

… have to consider the ex-isting energy and climate policy framework. This report seeks to analyse and evaluate non-ETS climate policy instruments, such as … There is a general assessment of prototypical policy instruments. Besides, the report contains insights from case studies in India and Mexico. The report is meant …

… policy mix analysis An analysis of the new sector in the EU ETS 1 The aim of this report is to analyse the (economic) impacts of the extension of the EU ETS 1 to … the interlinkages with other policies considering the overall climate impacts. The report contains a market analysis for maritime transport services, which was carried …

… to German natural and semi-natural ecosystems during 2009, 2010 and 2011 The report describes the modelling of nitrogen and sulfur deposition to terrestrial … projects under the German immission control and nature protection legislation. The report is in English as the executing science organization (TNO) is from the …

… open questions to risk assessors, modelers, applicants and the public. This report provides a scientific evaluation of 11 MEM or MEM families. It also … relevance for ERA (e.g. as a refinement tool), based on case studies. Finally, the report offers suggestions for future improvements in model development for …

… on Litter in Groundwater, Rivers, Lakes, Transitional Waters and Soil The report is based on the results of a questionnaire on current and planned research … as well as reduction strategies in relation to waste in water and soil. The report highlights the urgent need for comprehensive, standardised monitoring, …

… can be implemented in the most environmentally friendly way possible. This report aims to review the legal fire protection requirements for the product groups … furniture, mattresses, and floorings in nine public sector areas. Further, the report has the objective of presenting environmentally friendly ways of meeting fire …

… under the EU ETS Overview and country level analysis from 2005 to 2017 This report summarizes the main trends and drivers of the cement sector in the time … of key figures on the cement clinker industry for selected countries. The report focuses on the developments during the third trading period of the EU ETS …

… Appropriate policy instruments and limits of market-based approaches This report assesses how results-based and action-based funding approaches should be used … crediting mechanisms related to climate-friendly soil management are analyzed. The report concludes with recommendations on how funding approaches to promote different …