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  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 08.01.2026

    EW-I-1+2: Weather-related disruptions to and unavailabilty of power supply

    … in power supply Until 2010, extreme weather events such as hurricanes Cyril (2007) and Xynthia (2010) stood out clearly among weather-related disruptions of … most stable power supply systems in the world. The impacts of hurricane Cyril in 2007 were particularly striking. In that year, the proportion of weather-related … and medium-voltage supply. No similarly high value has been reached since then. In 2007 end consumers had loss of electricity – within the meaning of the EnWG – on …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    VE-I-5: Impacts on roads due to weather conditions and weather patterns

    The picture shows the upper part of the tail end of a vehicle belonging to the highway maintenance service. The vehicle is orange and its rear doors are marked with the word ’Streckenwartung’ (track maintenance) and reflective red-and-white striped stickers. There are warning lights fitted to the vehicle.

    … and weather patterns Highway maintenance services were extraordinarily busy in 2007, 2010, 2018 and 2021. In 2007 and 2010 the main task was to remedy the damage wrought by hurricanes Cyril and … with extraordinary weather events and disasters was particularly high in the years 2007 and 2010, and latterly also in 2018 and 2021. In the first-mentioned decades, a …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    KM-I-6: Pumping station performance – case study

    The picture shows the pumping station Steinschleuse on the Eider river. A retaining wall with a bridge and a brick-built house are visible.

    … used the greatest amount of electricity in the years with higher precipitation: In 2007 the pumping stations operating in the area of the Kiel Canal were consuming electricity at a rate of roughly 64 kWh / ha. The summer of 2007 produced a particularly high amount of precipitation, especially in northern … used the greatest amount of electricity in the years with higher precipitation: In 2007 the pumping stations operating in the area of the Kiel Canal were consuming …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    FW-I-6 + 7: Endangered spruce stands and spruce bark beetle

    … some subsequent years, reinforced by another very warm and dry summer in 2006. In 2007 – owing to the rather rainy month of May and a cold September – the bark beetle … series – the impacts of extreme storm years (such as Lothar in 1999 and Cyril in 2007) incurred as a result of the typically increased beetle infestations of damaged … some subsequent years, reinforced by another very warm and dry summer in 2006. In 2007 – owing to the rather rainy month of May and a cold September – the bark beetle …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-R-1: Water use index

    The picture shows a hand on the handle of a tap, with a weak water jet pouring into a wash-hand basin.

    … use index Water use has experienced a significant decrease over the past 30 years. 2007 was the first year in which water usage undercut the water use index of 20 %, … usage, had particularly favourable effects on the water budget, at least until 2007. In view of the closure of the last remaining nuclear power plants after the … Change … Water use has experienced a significant decrease over the past 30 years. 2007 was the first year in which water usage undercut the water use index of 20 %, …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    FW-I-5: Damaged timber – extent of random use

    The picture shows a dense spruce forest. Several trees are dead, and in the foreground there is deadwood lying on the forest floor.

    … vary from year to year. Major winter storms which occurred in 1990, 1999, 2007, 2010 and 2015 resulted in considerable volumes of damaged timber. However, in … 1999 ‘ Lothar’ devastated extensive parts of south-west Germany. In January 2007 cyclone Cyril destroyed forests particularly in North-Rhine Westphalia with a … vary from year to year. Major winter storms which occurred in 1990, 1999, 2007, 2010 and 2015 resulted in considerable volumes of damaged timber. However, in …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    WW-R-2 + 3: GAK funds for and investments in flood protection

    … risk management as embedded in the European Flood Directive (HWRM-RL) enacted in 2007, thus giving it legal status as well as urgency and significance. Every six … risk management as embedded in the European Flood Directive (HWRM-RL) enacted in 2007, thus giving it legal status as well as urgency and significance. Every six …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.03.2022 | Last changed: 28.03.2022

    Climate models and scenarios

    A bridge over a dry river

    … fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) were based on the SRES emission scenarios. New scenarios have been developed … fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) were based on the SRES emission scenarios. New scenarios have been developed …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BAU-I-3: Cooling degree days

    The picture shows the glass frontage of a house reflecting the sun. Some of the windows are part-shaded by means of external roller shutters.

    … such as conservatories, referring only to the climate prevailing between 1988 and 2007. It is worth noting that, among other endeavours, and in view of the … such as conservatories, referring only to the climate prevailing between 1988 and 2007. It is worth noting that, among other endeavours, and in view of the …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BAU-I-5: Claims expenditure for property insurance

    The picture shows a badly damaged single-family house. The exterior wall has been breached in several places, some windows are missing, and the exterior rendering is pitted to well above the ground floor. Mud and debris have accumulated all round the house.

    … several hurricanes (especially Hurricane Jeanett) caused massive damage. In January 2007, the low-pressure system, known as Hurricane Cyril, affected public life in … several hurricanes (especially Hurricane Jeanett) caused massive damage. In January 2007, the low-pressure system, known as Hurricane Cyril, affected public life in …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.12.2024

    BS-R-3: Exercise volume

    The picture shows a THW member from behind; he is in uniform and wears a helmet. It is possible to make out a scaffold with other THW members standing on it.

    … a slightly declining and subsequently fluctuating number of training hours between 2007 and 2017, the training hours attended started to rise again during the three … a slightly declining and subsequently fluctuating number of training hours between 2007 and 2017, the training hours attended started to rise again during the three …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    FI-I-3: Occurrence of thermophilic species in inland waters – case study

    The picture shows two men in waterproof working clothes standing in a small boat on Lake Constance. One of them is holding a fishing net. He seems to be pulling it out of the water. In the background, the lakeshore and a settlement are visible.

    … 1970 and 2003, catch yields for carp oscillated around 800 kg per annum, while in 2007 more than 17,000 kg were caught. Post-2009 catch yields have settled around a … 1970 and 2003, catch yields for carp oscillated around 800 kg per annum, while in 2007 more than 17,000 kg were caught. Post-2009 catch yields have settled around a …