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  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 20.01.2025

    GE-I-3: Birch pollen burdens

    The picture shows a birch blossom with its pollen distributed by the wind.

    … in Munich, the days with particularly high concentrations (of more than 100 pollen per cubic metre) have become more frequent. This is important in clinical … characteristics of a forest or woodland.   16 - Langen U., Schmitz R., Steppuhn H. 2013: Häufigkeit allergischer Erkrankungen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der Studie zur … Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsbl 56 (5-6): 698–706. doi: 10.1007/s00103-012-1652-7 . 17 - Thamm R., Poethko-Müller C., Hüther A., Thamm M. …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BAU-I-3: Cooling degree days

    The picture shows the glass frontage of a house reflecting the sun. Some of the windows are part-shaded by means of external roller shutters.

    … BAU-I-3: Cooling degree days In the three summer climate regions according to DIN 4108-2:2013-02 , i.e. the authoritative standard for summer heat protection of buildings, … the period 1951–2011. In: International Journal of Climatology 35 (1): 25–36. doi: 10.1002/joc.3959 . Associated content Documents BAU-I-3 Indikator-Factsheet (292.18 …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    KM-I-1: Water temperature in the sea

    The picture shows a view of the surface of the sea from below. The sun’s rays are beaming through the water’s surface. The sea is coloured dark blue to turquoise-green.

    … 2,000 metres of the earth’s oceans increased by 380±81 sextillion Joule (380±81 x 1021 J 71 ). The mean warming rate for the entire surface of the Earth amounts to … into question when the increase in the surface temperature in the period of 1998 to 2013 more or less stagnated (global warming hiatus) 74 . Evidence for the warming of … ocean temperatures hit record high in 2020. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 38, 4, 523−530. doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x.   72 - Cheng et al. 2021, cf. endnote no. 71: 524-525.   …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    BO-R-2: Permanent grassland terrain

    The picture shows a grassland with mown grass. The mown grass is lying in rows. In the right-hand margin a tractor can be seen turning hay. In the upper margin you can see a hay bale.

    … under agricultural use from the adverse effects of climate change. Between 1991 and 2013 grassland areas were experiencing a continuous and significant declining trend. Since 2013 the areas and the respective proportion of land in agricultural use have been … water bodies. The total of Germany’s grassland terrain decreased between 1991 and 2013 by roughly 700,000 ha. Of 5.3 million ha originally, only some 4.6 million ha …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.12.2024

    BS-I-1: Person hours due to weather-related damage events

    The picture shows an inundated landscape. In the centre of the picture a flooded road can be seen, with a lorry passing. There are people visible on the lorry’s load platform. In the picture’s foreground, part of a blue emergency vehicle is visible with blue warning lamps fitted all round the vehicle which is also driving along this flooded road.

    … river basins – have characterised the deployment situation. In the early summer of 2013, entire sweeps of country in Central Europe were inundated owing to rainfalls … of fire brigades Germany had ever before experienced. The THW itself rates the year 2013 as unprecedented in terms of the call-out pressure on volunteers: The total … in that year. The high number of call-out figures incurred in 2002, 2006 and 2010 were also mostly due to flooding events. The above-average call-out figures for …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    Effects chain – Example presentation from the ‘soil’ action field

    … grassland in particular, helps to stabilise a landscape’s water balance. Since 2013, there has been a precept in force nationwide requiring the conservation of … unless new grassland is created elsewhere in the territory concerned. Up until 2013 the grassland terrain was diminishing continuously and significantly. After 2013 this trend was reversed. Since then, the grassland terrain and its share of the …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BD-I-2: Temperature index for bird species communities

    The picture shows an icterine warbler singing from a twig.

    … approximately 2010, but this was followed by a slightly retrograde development by 2013, whereas this was in turn followed by a distinct increase. However, the development between 2010 and 2013 can be attributed in the first place to effects of weather patterns which had … with adverse effects on many breeding bird populations. The developments since 2013 show that the more long-term positive trend reflected by the indicator has …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    GE-I-5: Pathogen vectors – case study

    The picture shows a close-up of the Asian Tiger Mosquito in the process of biting a human being.

    … area, starting with the first record in 2007. This finding resulted from examining 105 traps where evidence was found in terms of five Tiger Mosquito eggs in one of … 1,500 samplings in the Upper Rhine area from 2014 onwards. As early as 2013, 13 % of all traps and more than 2 % of all samplings resulted in evidence of … Nagetier-assoziierte Infektionskrankheiten. – J Health Monit 8 (S3): 36-66. doi: 10.25646/11392 . 26 - Heitmann A., Jansen S., Lühken R., Helms M., Pluskota B., …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.12.2024

    BS-R-3: Exercise volume

    The picture shows a THW member from behind; he is in uniform and wears a helmet. It is possible to make out a scaffold with other THW members standing on it.

    … even in years when extreme events have to be dealt with. The severe flood events of 2013 and 2021 did not affect the training hours attended any more than just … to request yet more release from their paid occupation. A case in point occurred in 2013 for instance, in terms of a decline in training hours attended, when in May and … example, the number of training hours attended in the highly challenging year of 2013 with lots of call-outs, was no lower than in 2010 when distinctly fewer …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 08.01.2026

    EW-I-1+2: Weather-related disruptions to and unavailabilty of power supply

    … update on 28.11.2023 EW-I-1: Weather-related disruptions in power supply Until 2010, extreme weather events such as hurricanes Cyril (2007) and Xynthia (2010) stood … correlation between the number of disruptions and their cumulative duration. In 2013 for example, the electricity supply had to be switched off temporarily owing to … correlation between the number of disruptions and their cumulative duration. In 2013 for example, the electricity supply had to be switched off temporarily owing to …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    Effects chain – Example presentation from the ‘trade and industry’ action

    … Prior to 2014 there were no years in which the annual mean temperature exceeded 10 °C. With regard to the period since 2018, the annual mean temperature – only for … this value. In 2018 and 2022 the highest value so far was reached amounting to 10.5 °C in both years. In parallel with increasing mean temperatures, the frequency … this value. In 2018 and 2022 the highest value so far was reached amounting to 10.5 °C in both years. In parallel with increasing mean temperatures, the frequency …