Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption

1987–2017: 30th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol

From the phase-out of CFCs to the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons

On 16 September 1987, 24 States and the European Community signed the Montreal Protocol. It initiated the mandatory phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and thus stopped the further destruction of the ozone layer by these substances. The switch to alternatives to CFCs with their high global warming potential also contributes to climate protection.Due to the worldwide implementation of the Montr...read more

Climate | Energy

Bringing climate policy up to date – decreasing cost projections for renewable energy and batteries and their implications

Discussion paper

A range of studies on nationally determined contributions (NDC) of parties to the Paris Agreement disclose, that temperature objectives of the Paris Agreement are not in reach if current NDCs are implemented. A new study, commissioned by German Environment Agency, compares pre2015 and latest levelized cost projections and shows, that certain key mitigation technologies, i.e. power generation from...read more

Economy | Consumption

Methodological Convention 3.0 for the Assessment of Environmental Costs - Cost Rates

Version 02/2019

The Methodological Convention 3.0 for the Assessment of Environmental Costs contains recommendations for methods to assess environmental costs (Part “Methods”) and provides new cost rates for emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants and noise, as well as for transport and energy generation (Part “Cost rates”). The cost rates show the benefit of environmental protection for society – and the c...read more

Chemicals, Health, Water

Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistances in the Environment

Background, Challenges and Options for Action

Environmental aspects have so far only partially been addressed in the discussion of antimicrobial resistance. To bring this issue into focus, UBA compiled background information and data on the topic 'Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the environment'. The results show that previously considered requirements for reduction, from the perspective of UBA, are insufficient to adequately prot...read more

Climate | Energy

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions

Republic of Marshall Islands Country Report

The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Republic of Marshall Islands under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of transport – especially low-carbon domestic shipping – and waste reduction, disposal and processin...read more

Climate | Energy

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions

Kenya Country Report

The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Kenya under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of reforestation, afforestation and decreasing deforestation as well as efficient biomass and renewable energy cookstoves and r...read more

Climate | Energy

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions

Colombia Country Report

The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Colombia under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of renewable energy production from wind and solar PV, social housing, forest conservation in existing illicit crop substitu...read more

Air

Toxicological basic data for the derivation of EU-LCI values for 5 substances from building products

The subject of this project was the preparation of substance reports for the following substances: 2-phenylpropene (CAS No. 98-83-9), vinyl toluene (mixture of o-, m-, p- and isomers) (CAS No. 611-15- 4, 100-80-1, 622-97-9, 25013-15-4), n-heptane (CAS No. 142-82-5), hexylene glycol (CAS No. 107-41-5) and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether (CAS No. 20324-33-8, 25498-49-1). For these substances, t...read more