Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Climate | Energy

Development of guidance for nonmarket approaches in the Paris Agreement

Operationalizing Articles 6.8 and 6.9 of the Paris Agreement

In addition to market mechanisms, Article 6 of the Paris Agreement (PA) defines "non-market approaches", which are explored in more detail in this project. At the request of some developing countries, these approaches stand as a complement to the market mechanisms for cooperation in meeting the mitigation contributions of the PA and are intended to enable a holistic approach to the goals of mitiga...read more

Climate | Energy

Carbon Pricing Potential in East and South Asia

Interim report

A broad consensus exists that carbon pricing is key for cost-effective emission reductions and that it must play a major role in driving the transition to a climate-neutral economy. However, despite significant progress in wider climate policy uptake in recent years, the vast majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain unpriced. Making a success of carbon pricing in individual jurisdictions...read more

Climate | Energy

Structural Supply Side Management in EU ETS

Reviewing the Market Stability Reserve

The review of the market stability reserve (MSR) is one of the key elements of the forthcoming reform of the EU ETS. This report assesses if the MSR is designed in a way that it can fulfil its pur-pose to provide sufficient supply-side flexibility under the cap. The authors discuss different op-tions for adapting and complementing the MSR parameters, such as the intake rate and thresholds for inte...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption

Emissions trading in pursuit of electricity decarbonisation - market structures and regulations matter

Synthesis report

This report assesses the role of emissions trading systems (ETS) in electricity sector decarbonization through analyses  of carbon market designs and interactions with electricity market regulations, market structures and additional  policies. It provides a synthesis of five case studies in EU, California, South Korea, China and Mexico. The authors investigate four carbon price quality criteria (v...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption

The Korea Emissions Trading System and electricity market

Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market

Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore address emissions from electricity generation. The de-sign of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a large impact on the environmental effectiveness and the quality of the carbon price signal. This report analyses the interacti...read more

Agriculture

Limited environmental impact and high costs

Findings and recommendations from the project “An Evaluation of the Common Agricultural Policy from the Perspective of Environmental Protection II”

The paper summarizes the most important results of the scientific project "Evaluation of the Common Agricultural Policy II". Land use data sets were used to in order to analyse how the 2013 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has affected the environment. The results show that none of the greening measures included in the CAP (maintenance of permanent grassland, ecological priority area...read more

Chemicals

NoCheRo-Guidance for the Evaluation of Rodent Traps

Part A Break back/Snap traps

This guidance describes methods and criteria to evaluate rodent break back/snap traps regarding their animal welfare impact and efficacy. The assessment follows a tiered approach starting with the tests of the mechanical properties, followed by a semi-field trial testing the animal welfare impact and basic efficacy, and optionally supplemented by the extended efficacy test in the field. The latter...read more

Chemicals

Persistent degradation products of halogenated refrigerants and blowing agents in the environment: type, environmental concentrations, and fate with particular regard to new halogenated substitutes with low global warming potential

Climate-impacting refrigerants and blowing agents are often replaced by halogenated substances which, despite their low global warming potential, are not unproblematic for the environment. The study examines quantities used and emissions today and in the future as well as degradation pathways and products. An environmentally relevant degradation product is the persistent trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)...read more