Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Economy | Consumption

Evolution of commitments under the UNFCCC: Involving newly industrialized economies and developing countries

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International negotiations have lead to first steps in combating climate change with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. Under the Protocol, industrialized countries have to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by around five per cent between 2008 and 2012 compared to 1990 levels. It is however broadly recognized that further steps are necess...read more

Chemicals

Methodological problems of assessing the economic impacts of EU chemicals policy

Summary results of the conference of experts at the Umweltbundeamt (Ferderal Environment Agenca) on 6.2.2003

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The European Commission has elaborated the principles of a new chemicals policy in Europe in its White Paper on “Strategy for a future Chemicals Policy” (European Commission, 2001). Studies have since been published for Germany and for the EU which look into the potential economic repercussions of future policies on chemicals. These examine very different aspects using different methods and based...read more

Air

Aerosols over Europe. Focus on Black Carbon

Modellierung und Prüfung von Strategien zur Verminderung der Belastung durch Ozon

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Based on a first estimate of Black Carbon (BC) emissions over Europe model calculations have been performed to obain BC-concentrations. The model results have a clear tendency to be lower than the observations.read more

Air

Refined 3-d Transport and Horizontal Diffusion for the REM/CALGRID Air Quality Model

Modellierung und Prüfung von Strategien zur Verminderung der Belastung durch Ozon

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The REM/CALGRID model's available advection schemes have numerical diffusivities that are sufficiently low that one must be concerned about: (a) adding back some horizontal diffusion appropriate to the atmospheric conditions being modeled; and (b) operator-splitting and shear flow errors, heretofore buried by the numerical diffusion.read more

Economy | Consumption

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control in selected Industrial Activities

Part II "Printing"

- Installations for Surface Treatment using organic solvents for Dressing, Impregnating, Printing, Coating -

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Printing technology is classified into four main printing methods and a range of less usual methods. Many of these less customary processes do not play an important role in today’s industrial production because of their low material flow and energy flux. In the following illustration the relevant processes for the BAT discussion are marked grey. For each of these processes some keywords about esse...read more

Climate | Energy, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

A Systematic Analysis of the Characteristics of Energy Models with Regard to their Suitability for Practical Policy Recommendations for Developing Future Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change

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The results of energy models can have a substantial impact on climate policy debates. The goal of this study is to discuss the theoretical background of the models, to analyse their strengths and weaknesses and to relate the research questions to the models. Here the systemisation approaches will be described and the four most common model type, general equilibrium models, input-output models, opt...read more

Economy | Consumption

Management Guide for Regional Co-operation

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Co-operation" is a topical theme. For many people in society, trade and industry as well as in public administration, co-operation, strategic networks and alliances are an important prerequisite for success and development. Voluntary co-operation is increasingly to be found in different areas of public life: - between towns and communities (inter-communal co-operation), - between societal groups i...read more

Water

TN Interlaboratory Study in Summer 2002

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Total nitrogen (TN) is one of the key parameters to describe the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. This parameter is included in most national and international monitoring programs and determined by a large number of laboratories. For the comparability in monitoring programs it is essential that the results produced by different laboratories are comparable. To achieve this, different qua...read more