Publications

The European Commission has elaborated the principles of a new chemicals policy in Europe in its White Paper on “Strategy for a future Chemicals Policy” (European Commission, 2001). Studies have since been published for Germany and for the EU which look into the potential economic repercussions of future policies on chemicals.

The REM/CALGRID model's available advection schemes have numerical diffusivities that are sufficiently low that one must be concerned about: (a) adding back some horizontal diffusion appropriate to the atmospheric conditions being modeled; and (b) operator-splitting and shear flow errors, heretofore buried by the numerical diffusion.

Based on a first estimate of Black Carbon (BC) emissions over Europe model calculations have been performed to obain BC-concentrations. The model results have a clear tendency to be lower than the observations.

International negotiations have lead to first steps in combating climate change with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. Under the Protocol, industrialized countries have to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by around five per cent between 2008 and 2012 compared to 1990 levels.

Printing technology is classified into four main printing methods and a range of less usual methods. Many of these less customary processes do not play an important role in today’s industrial production because of their low material flow and energy flux. In the following illustration the relevant processes for the BAT discussion are marked grey.

There is a world wide consensus among organic farmers not to use genetically engineered organism (GMO). Initially implemented through the guidelines of organic farming associations, this rule has now gained accession to consumer protection legislation in the USA, Japan and the European Union.

On behalf of the Federal Environmental Agency

Since the 1970s, numerous corporate environmental cost accounting concepts have been developed for a variety of purposes and decision situations. The development of environmental cost management has gone hand in hand with shifts of emphasis on different issues in environmental policy and focuses in corporate environmental management.

Co-operation" is a topical theme. For many people in society, trade and industry as well as in public administration, co-operation, strategic networks and alliances are an important prerequisite for success and development.

Total nitrogen (TN) is one of the key parameters to describe the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. This parameter is included in most national and international monitoring programs and determined by a large number of laboratories. For the comparability in monitoring programs it is essential that the results produced by different laboratories are comparable.

The results of energy models can have a substantial impact on climate policy debates. The goal of this study is to discuss the theoretical background of the models, to analyse their strengths and weaknesses and to relate the research questions to the models.

The development of transgenic farm animals and transgenic fish is lagging markedly behind the development of transgenic crops. Several reasons account for this phenomenon - above all the complex physiology and reproduction biology of more highly developed animals. However, since the 1980s intensive research has been carried out worldwide in the field of transgenic modifications in vertebrates.