Green Software

Although software products are immaterial goods, their use can bring about significant materials and energy flows. Software characteristics determine which hardware capacities are made available and how much electric energy is used by end-user devices, networks, and data centers. The connection between software characteristics and the demand for natural resources caused by the manufacture and use of ICT systems has been the object of little scientific study to date. The present study breaks new ground by exploring the effects of software on the indirect use of natural resources by hardware. The study identifies starting points in the realm of software that can contribute to conserving natural resources or at least to slowing further growth of their use by ICT systems.